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A '''webcam model''' gender-neutral: '''camodel'''; female: '''camgirl'''; male: '''camboy''') is a video performer who is streamed upon the [with a live [[webcam]] broadcast. A webcam model often performs erotic acts online, such as [[Striptease|stripping]], in exchange for money, goods, or attention. They may also sell videos of their performances. Since many webcam models operate from their homes, they are free to choose the amount of sexual content for their broadcasts. While most display nudity and sexually provocative behavior, some choose to remain mostly clothed and merely talk about various topics while still soliciting payment as tips from their fans.
==Background==
[[Image:CameraLux twiiter card image.png | thumb | 340 px | right | A model demonstrates web broadcasting with a video camera. ]]
In 1996 an American college student and conceptual artist, Jenny Ringley, created a website called "JenniCam." Her web camera was located in her dorm room and automatically photographed her every few minutes. The camera captured Ringley doing almost everything – brushing her teeth, doing her laundry, doing stripteases – and then broadcast its images live over the Internet. Also in 1998, a commercial site called AmandaCam was launched. Amanda's site, like Ringley's, had multiple cameras around her house which allowed people to look in on her. However Amanda made an important early discovery that would influence the camming industry for decades to come – that a website's popularity could be greatly increased by enabling viewers to chat with a performer while online. Within her ''members section'', Amanda made it a point to chat with her viewers for over three hours a day. Since the early days of live [[webcast]]s by Ringley and Amanda, the phenomenon of ''camming'' has grown to become a multibillion-dollar industry which has an average of at least 12,500 cam models online at any given time and more than 240,000 viewers at any given time.
===Payment systems define format===
A camming website acts as a middleman and talent aggregator by hosting hundreds of independent models, and verifies that all are at least 18 years old. Camming websites typically fall into two main categories, dependent upon whether their video [[chat rooms]] are free or private. In private chat rooms, viewers pay by the minute for a private show. However, in free chat rooms payment is voluntary and is in the form of tips, thus providing the model with an income at a minimal cost for the multiple viewers of her chat room's video stream.
''Tips'' are electronic tokens that viewers can buy from a camming website, and then give to the models during live performances to show appreciation. Tokens can also be used buy access to private shows, operate a [[Teledildonics| Teledildonic]] device that a model may be wearing, or used to buy videos and souvenirs from a model. The website provides the transactional platform and then collects and distributes a percentage of the tips to the models. For public chat rooms, the model's portion of a tip is a little less than half.
Many of the industry’s top webcam models are said to make six figures a year.
===Through interaction a personal connection===
Performances can be highly interactive in both public and private video chat rooms. Customers and performers are able to communicate with each other by using keyboard, speech, and two-way cameras. Within public chat rooms the audience can see tips and viewer comments as scrolling text which appears next to the real-time video stream. Camgirls will frequently read and respond to the scrolling viewer comments. The chatter is constant, and is often led by a small band of regular fans. However this is not the first time that ''conversational interaction'' had become a boon for the erotic entertainment industry. The [[Mitchell Brothers O'Farrell Theatre]] strip club is credited with the invention of the [[lap dance]] when during 1977 their new stage, New York Live, pioneered customer-contact shows with [[stripper]]s that came off the stage and sat in the laps of customers for tips. Enabled with this new revenue stream for strippers, the [[strip club]] industry went through a period of extreme growth during the 1980s. And in the early 20th century sociologist Paul Cressey noted that within the hundreds of [[taxi dance hall|taxi-dance halls]] of America, "the traffic in romance and in feminine society" would become available when [[taxi dancer|taxi dancers]] would offer their companionship and "the illusion of romance" for ten cents a dance.
Much of the success of camming owes to its ability to move beyond the borders of erotic video performance, and into the everyday social lives of camming customers, or ''fans'' as they are known. Webcam performers are often highly entrepreneurial, and use mainstream social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Skype, and Tumblr to build and maintain relationships with their customers.<ref name=Rabouin/> Some fans communicate multiple times a day with models through social media.
Unlike traditional pornography, the interactive nature of the camming medium titillates with the promise of ''virtual friendship''. Princeton University sociologist and author of ''The Purchase of Intimacy'', Viviana Zelizer, states of camming: "They’re defining a new kind of intimacy. It’s not traditional sex work, not a relationship, but something in between." Cam models perform not just sex work, but also perform through their hosting duties, conveying authenticity, creating and animating fantasies, and managing relationships over time.
Within ''Cam Girlz'', a documentary film about the industry, the male fans often say that they come to camming sites as a way to fulfill emotional needs. The film's director, Sean Dunne, states of the fans, "They said it’s not like a strip club -- it’s like a community, and you feel it when you’re in these chat rooms. It’s a community and entertainment that goes very far beyond sexuality."
However Dr. Kari Lerum of the University of Washington suggests that men are more open and vulnerable in cam rooms than in strip clubs, and can become very invested in relationships which only exist on the screen.
==Terminology==
The term [[webcam]] is a clipped compound used to combine the terms [[video camera]] and World Wide Web.
When webcam models create their live [[webcast]]s, they perform the activity known as ''camming''.
A third-party hosting website which transmits multiple webcam models' video-streams is known as a ''camming site''.
Webcam models mostly perform individually in separate video [[chat rooms]], which are frequently referred to as ''rooms''.
The term "camwhore" was first used in print in November 2001.
==The camming industry==
As of 2016, the money generated by camming sites was upwards of $2 billion annually. The pornography business as a whole is estimated to be about $5 billion. The decentralized business model of camming has upended the pornography industry in multiple ways. Camming revenue has been severely cutting into the profits of the pornographic movie business, which has also been eroded for a number of years due to piracy and the distribution of free sexual content upon the Internet. Additionally, the pornographic film industry used to be male-dominated except for the performers. But since camming only requires a video camera, broadband service, and computer, there has now been a power reversal and it is the ''female'' webcam performers who propel the industry while at home. Todd Blatt, who once produced pornographic movies in California and has several Ferraris to show for it, declared: "If you’re the middle guy who has been eating off this industry for 20 years, it’s a big change. The girls don’t need anybody."
Once viewed as a small niche in the world of adult entertainment, camming today has become "the engine of the porn industry", according to Alec Helmy, the publisher of [[XBIZ]], a sex-trade industry journal.
The new revolution that the decentralized camming industry had brought, has also challenged many cultural stereotypes concerning both the camgirls and their customers. Ethnography researcher Dr. Theresa Senft herself became a camgirl for a year while doing four years of research for her 2008 book entitled, ''Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks''. Senft has described herself as "the first academic camgirl" while becoming a “camgirl writing about camgirls.” And Anna Katzen, a camgirl who has a postgraduate degree from Harvard, stated during an interview,
:"The men I meet online rarely fall into the category of anonymous asses who have abandoned all social etiquette, nor do they resemble the pasty, calculator-wristwatch-wearing forebears of chat rooms past. Many, in fact, are successful professionals in their field – whether it be law, the arts or academia. Some of my most popular performances entail me reading erotica, perhaps [[Anaïs Nin]] or the [[Marquis de Sade]], in the buff. Oftentimes, the books are gifts from fans, who will probe me for literary analysis, if I don’t probe myself with something else first. I have unwittingly created a powerful “brand” for myself: the wild intellectual, the bluestocking in garters. “''I came for the tits, but stayed for the intellectual banter'',” remarked one of my visitors, and another stated, "''most guys aren’t looking for some airbrushed [[Barbie]]. They want real, intelligent girls – like you.''”
===Hosting websites===
Webcam models typically make use of third-party websites to stream their real-time video performances upon the Internet. Some of these sites charge viewers a fixed fee per minute, although many allow free access for unregistered visitors. These Internet hosting websites, known as ''camming sites'', take care of the technical work – broadcast their video feed, payment processing, provide an intuitive interface, advertising – so that the cam model only has to focus on the actual shows for her video chat room. Most cam models are [[independent contractor]]s for camming sites, and are not employees.
By presenting hundreds of different models via individual chat rooms, a camming site becomes a talent aggregator and middleman – but only in the sense that Apple is the middleman for bands selling music on iTunes. Though a camming website may carry many hundreds of models, they frequently provide an interface for the viewer to easily switch between the most-visited models' rooms, and that interface occasionally resembles the multiple channel selection of cable television.
Camming sites typically supply each webcam model with an individual ''profile webpage'' where the performer can describe themselves, and more importantly create a ''virtual store'' where they can sell items like videos, photos, personal clothing, and memberships to their fan club. The profile page's virtual store creates a stream of passive income, meaning that even if a camgirl is not online and performing, she can still generate money while fans come to the ever-present profile page to purchase its wares. One of the most popular items are homemade videos that cam models make of themselves.<ref name=Hess/> While most these videos are sexual in nature, they often include elements of comedy, fashion, and a narration of their lifestyles. The affordability and ease of new video recording technology has spawned new variations and genres of pornography since individual women as well as industry players can now create its content.<ref name=Hess/> A profile page might also sell contact information like a personal phone number, a spot on her Snapchat contact list, or the ability to send her private messages through a camming site's ''friends list''.<ref name=McGehee/> The profile page may also suggest tip amounts for real-time performance requests like a sexy dance, a song request, removal of clothing, a spanking, or the spin on a game wheel.<ref name=McGehee/> All prices on a profile page are listed in quantities of ''tips'', which are electronic tokens that the viewer can buy in bunches from the cam site to be later given to various models during performance, or in later purchases upon the profile page.<ref name=Richtel/><ref name=Bertrand>{{cite news|last1=Bertrand|first1=Natasha|title=How Webcam Models Make Money|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-how-webcam-models-make-money-2014-11|accessdate=16 January 2018|work=New York Times|date=21 September 2013}}</ref>
The camming site keeps a percentage of the tips, but the amount varies. Big earners can get a bigger chunk of their tips.<ref name=Richtel/> Commissions earned by webcam models vary widely by website, but are usually based on a percentage of gross sales although sometimes they are in the form of a flat fee. They may also earn money through advertising or earn commissions by convincing customers to sign up for membership at adult pornographic paysites.<ref name=Bartlett/> Many sites also encourage viewers to purchase items from online wish lists.<ref name=Bertrand/> Some webcam models cater to particular fetishes, such as a fascination with feet and might earn additional money by selling worn socks to patrons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Secrets of a Webcam Girl|last=Baxter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VCHCgAAQBAJ|first=Annabelle|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1620876671|location=|pages=}}</ref>
Camming sites specify rules and restrictions for their cam models, which in turn tend to give the camming site a distinct style and format. For example, one major free-access site, which only allows female models, fosters an environment where the camgirls are not necessarily obligated to do masturbation shows, or even display nudity.<ref name=MFCRules>{{cite web | title=Rules for Models - MFC | url=https://wiki.myfreecams.com/wiki/Rules_for_Models | accessdate=10 February 2018 | work=Wiki.MyFreeCams |date=5 February 2014}}</ref> Consequently, some of that site's models create a more relaxed "hangout atmosphere" within their rooms that occasionally resembles a [[talk show]].<ref name=Box/><ref name=Senft2/> And conversely another major cam site, which additionally allows men and couples to perform, tends to be more sexual and show-oriented.<ref name=CharRules>{{cite web | title=Basic Rules to Follow - Chaturbate's blog | url=https://blog.chaturbate.com/rules-and-guidelines/basic-rules-to-follow/ | accessdate=10 February 2018 | work= Chaturbate Blog |date=5 February 2014}}</ref> Other cam site rules might prohibit working in a public place so that the model does not get a public indecency arrest, the way that Kendra Sunderland was charged after her 2014 performance inside the Oregon State University Library.<ref name=McGehee/> Models who violate a camming site's rules may be subjected to a temporary or permanent ban from the cam site.
===Resources for performers===
Cam studios allow models to rent facilities outside of their home. These businesses can supply models with video equipment, Internet service, computer, lighting, and furniture. One example was the pornographic film company [[Kink.com]], which rented individual cam studios in the [[San Francisco Armory]] by the hour, from 2013 until the building was sold in 2018.
Within some studios the cam models can work by the percentage of business that they bring in, instead of renting studio time. The cam models do not have to pay to join this type of studio, but they are also not guaranteed a salary. These models can typically choose to charge customers between $1 and $15 per minute, and then the studio keeps half of the gross while the model gets the rest.
Another workplace option is called a "camgirl mansion", which is a place that provides equipment and broadcast rooms where multiple camgirls can live and share expenses, but without a studio owner.
Various support websites<!-- do not add specific examples without a reliable, independent source.--> supply general information about business strategies, upcoming conferences, tips for performance, and reviews of studio equipment. Support sites also give advice about how to protect privacy, discourage piracy, avoid Internet security lapses, and how to prevent financial scams.
Conferences and industry trade shows can also aid cam models by allowing cam models to network and meet others in the profession on a personal level.
==Legal issues==
===Laws===
Lawrence Walters, a Florida lawyer who is an expert in obscenity law, said that there was nothing inherently illegal about web model camming shows, as long as the models were over 18 and performed at home or in a model's studio.<ref name=Richtel/>
A sex work researcher, Rachel Stuart, notes an interesting paradox in British law which tends to focus on the uploading of pornographic recordings, but does not deal with erotic performance when streamed upon the Internet through camming. For instance, the [[Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014]] ban certain acts from being depicted and uploaded by pornography producers in the United Kingdom, and the [[Digital Economy Act 2017]] seeks to restrict minors’ access to pornographic material online. And yet both laws will have no effect if the performances are ''streamed'' as opposed to being ''recorded''. Stuart states of the legal conundrum in England, "Performing an explicitly pornographic act via a webcam carries no repercussions, but if the same show is recorded and uploaded, the performer can be liable to a fine." <ref name=Rachel/>
In December 2017 the American [[FCC]] voted to do away with [[Net neutrality|Net Neutrality]] rules, which previously insured that [[Internet service provider]]s treat all data on the Internet as the same, and to not charge differently by user.<ref name=Fiegerman1>{{cite news|last1=Fiegerman|first1=Seth|title=The end of net neutrality - What it all means |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/12/14/technology/net-neutrality-repeal-explainer/index.html |accessdate=28 January 2018|work=CNN|date=14 December 2017}}</ref> But without the Net Neutrality rules, Internet service providers could dramatically increase costs for companies that need significant bandwidth – like [[CD Baby]], [[Spotify]], and [[Netflix]].<ref name=Moss1>{{cite news|last1=Moss|first1=Marissa |title=Net Neutrality: How a Repeal Could Kill the Careers of Indie Musicians |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/net-neutrality-how-a-repeal-could-kill-artists-careers-w513787 |accessdate=28 January 2018|work=Rolling Stone | date=11 December 2017}}</ref> CD Baby is an online music store specializing in the sale of CDs and music downloads from independent musicians to consumers. Like camming's hosting sites, CD Baby is an aggregator of independent performers' digital media in the same way that camming sites enable cam models to sell their videos for tips.<ref name=Ludwick1>{{cite news||last1=Ludwick | first1=Robert | title=What the repeal of Net Neutrality could mean for musicians | url=http://diymusician.cdbaby.com/business/repeal-net-neutrality-mean-musicians/ | accessdate=28 January 2018|work=DIY Musician|date=21 December 2017}}</ref> Since the free-access business model of the camming industry also relies on large bandwidth, these possible new costs could eventually be passed on to camming hosting sites, as well as to the cam models themselves. A politically alert camgirl, Melonie, states: "How many camgirls and webcam customers are going to be able to afford a $200+ monthly bill from their ISP for a high bandwidth connection capable of HD video streaming? How many camgirls are going to be able to continue to devote time to create webcam host programming if the payout percentage is reduced from 30% to 15%?"
<ref name=StripperWeb1>{{cite web | title=Camming Connection - Net Neutrality and Webcam Modeling | url=https://www.stripperweb.com/forum/showthread.php?190926-net-neutrality-and-webcam-modeling | accessdate=28 January 2018|work=Stripper Web|date=20 February 2014}}</ref> As of early 2018, the new ruling has yet to be leveraged by ISP's to increase costs. However bandwidth hungry companies like Netflix and CD Baby nervously await the eventual Internet service providers' response to the new FCC ruling that they lobbied so hard to bring about.<ref name=Coldewey1>{{cite news|last1=Coldewey|first1=Devin|title=The FCC just repealed net neutrality. What happens next?|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/14/the-fcc-just-repealed-net-neutrality-what-happens-next/ | accessdate=28 January 2018|work=TechCrunch|date=14 December 2017}}</ref>
===Cyber-stalkers and blackmailers===
Webcam models have occasionally been the targets of cyber-stalkers and blackmailers. Sex work researcher, Rachel Stuart, reported that while doing her PhD research she encountered webcam models who were concerned about viewers filming and sharing their performances on porn sites, or acquiring personal information which could be used to stalk or blackmail them.<ref name=Rachel/> In 2013 the New York Times interviewed a woman who prefers to conceal her real identity while working as a camgirl. She revealed that she had been cyber-stalked by a heavy tipper who started making threats and demands about what outfits she should wear. A short while later she found out that her real name and address had been posted on the Internet along with her cam name. When she complained to the police, they said that they could do nothing, because "putting real information on the Internet is not illegal." She later found out that the same individual had also threatened and outed several other camgirls.
= Introduction =
[[Image:Camgirl.png | thumb | 400 px | right | A model demonstrates web broadcasting with a video camera. ]]
Welcome to [[Cameralux]] Wiki! You're in the right place to find out what we're all about and what you can expect during your interactions with our platform. Cameralux can be your personal pleasure site where you can watch all your fantasies become real.
= Basic Cameralux Tour =
So You're New...new at Cameralux?
Explore a fun and a super easy way to gain total control over the happenings of the live shows. Providing quality live cam entertainment is the only reason of our existence.
You can find here Clarification / Basics about [[Cameralux FAQ]]
Here is why Cameralux is the best webcam site in the world for independent models and studios:
== SWIFT codes ==
How to use [[SWIFT codes]]
=Visit our [[Model FAQs]]=
A [[webcam model]] is a person that performs live video chats online. The more time a customer spends watching your private show the more money you will earn. Models should tell their clients upfront what they are willing to do and not willing to do so there is not a misunderstanding. Generally, webcam models are asked to pose nude and it is considered to be part of the job.
Get more details [[Model FAQs]]
= Affiliation program and Webmaster =
Affiliate programs are a fantastic way to make money from users you refer to a particular network. A lot of networks offer you a certain amount of money, depending on the payout type, for every signup, purchase or registration. Once you’ve got your website setup, affiliate marketing is a foolproof way to keep generating revenue without worrying too much about the source of traffic.
The Cameralux affiliate program offers a wide range of different commission-structures. Here’s a breakdown of the different commissions-structures that the program offers:
Revshare – A reshare is when the affiliate gets a percentage of all spending from new customers referred to the network. The Flirt4Free affiliate program features a lifetime revshare. This means that webmasters will receive a percentage of the spendings for as long as the referral is part of the camming site.
Pay-Per-Signup (PPS) – Pay-Per-Signup (PPS) is where a commission is awarded after a referred customer makes their first purchase.
Pay-Per-Lead (PPL) – Pay-Per-Lead (PPL) is where the affiliate is awarded a very small commission on every free signup that they refer.
Cost-Per-Action (CPA) – A CPA program is where the commission is awarded after a specific action is performed. In this case, when a new customer submits credit card information.
Check out our [[Cameralux Affiliation program]]
